Measuring Competences in School-leaver Surveys

The measurement of competences is a relatively new topic in the economic science. In the past, economists have usually measured worker competences by educational background, tenure, or other simple quantifiable indicators. In the transition from the industrial to the knowledge economy, however, this classical approach has become rather unsatisfactory. Individual labour market performance is no longer dependent on just the individual’s initial education, since todays labour market requires continuous learning and development throughout the career. Employability has become a key concept in the knowledge economy, and the traditional lifetime employment career in a single firm has been replaced by what has been termed the protean career (Hall and Moss, 1998). In such a career, the person, not the firm, is the managing agent. In order to measure or predict career success, uni-dimensional indicators such as educational background that economists have used in the past are no longer sufficient. In the modern economy, skills and knowledge are the main factors in production, and the measurement of competences is a logical step in determining and predicting individual labour market success more accurately and reliably.education, training and the labour market;

Aspects of learning style and labour market entry an explorative study

Since ‘soft factors’ gain more interest for their relevance for the labour market, this study explores the effect of learning style on labour market entry. Learning style is considered to be a relative stable educational concept representing an individual’s learning preferences. This study links the educational concept of learning style with labour market research. The sample has been composed of graduates in Economics of the Maastricht University who graduated in between 1991 and 1995. They all started their studies in 1986 or 1987, in which years their learning style data were collected. Learning style aspects were tested for their effect on job chances, quality of work and type of job (job match) at the time of the survey one and a half year after graduation. Analyses were applied within a two step model. In the first step only learning style data and control variables were included. In the second step, relevant covariates like study results were included in the analyses in addition to the learning style data. Logistic and normal lineair regression analyses point out that the motivational aspects of learning style tend to have an effect on most of the labour market indicators, whereas the cognitive information processing aspects merely affect the chance of getting an academic job. Results of multinomial logistic regression analyses reveal some effects on entering an accounting job in comparison with a managing job (job match). The learning style aspect ‘holism’ shows a limited, although unexpected positive effect in this respect. For globalism a negative effect on entering an accounting job appeared. Extendedness appeared to have a limited negative effect on entering an accounting job as well. For research jobs in comparison with managing jobs, no effects are found. Altogether, the effects of learning style aspects appear to be more profound than the effects of study results with respect to labour market entry. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.labour market entry;

Personality Characteristics and Labour Market Entry an exploration

In an explorative study, the value of four personality constructs in predicting success in the labour market entry has been analysed with a sample of graduates in economics from Maastricht University. The research question is: do personality characteristics predict labour market entry success and how much weight do these ‘soft’ factors have compared to the traditional ‘hard’ human capital factors like study results? Two out of the four constructs, i.e. (internal) Locus of control and Type A behaviour appear to have a positive effect on labour market success. The effects are independent of the effects of study results and other traditional human capital variables. Locus of control affects getting a job soon after graduation and having tenure, whereas Type A behaviour affects having tenure and wages. Study results merely affect job quality indicators. For obtaining an academic job, the human capital factors have a positive effect while personality has no effect at all. The findings underline the relevance of further labour market research with respect to the importance and role of the so called ‘soft’ factors like personality characteristics. At the same time, the role of ‘hard’ human capital factors is not to be neglected. Both types of factors seem to have their own and independent effects. Future research directions are given and implications of the study are discussed.labour market entry;

Micromorphological and preliminary X-ray observations on a basal till from Lunteren, The Netherlands

Undisturbed box samples have been taken from a Saalian till complex and associated shear zone in the Central Netherlands. Microscopic studies of vertical thin sections of so-called mammoth-size (7 x 14 cm) and microdensitometer readings taken from X-ray images reveal amongst others (1) a closely spaced textural banding, (2) the presence of two types of unconsolidated pebbles, i.e. mud pebbles and till pebbles, (3) different types of plasmic fabric, i.e. skel-lattisepic fabric for most of the till matrix and till pebbles and a strong unistrial fabnc associated with shear zones. The present observations are in accordance with earlier macroscopic field and laboratory studies, indicating till formation under conditions of continuous subglacial shearing, by which much local material is reworked as well

Micromorphological and preliminary X-ray observations on a basal till from Lunteren, The Netherlands

Undisturbed box samples have been taken from a Saalian till complex and associated shear zone in the Central Netherlands. Microscopic studies of vertical thin sections of so-called mammoth-size (7 x 14 cm) and microdensitometer readings taken from X-ray images reveal amongst others (1) a closely spaced textural banding, (2) the presence of two types of unconsolidated pebbles, i.e. mud pebbles and till pebbles, (3) different types of plasmic fabric, i.e. skel-lattisepic fabric for most of the till matrix and till pebbles and a strong unistrial fabnc associated with shear zones. The present observations are in accordance with earlier macroscopic field and laboratory studies, indicating till formation under conditions of continuous subglacial shearing, by which much local material is reworked as well